Intracellular Signal Transduction and Cell Function.

Neutrophil cell surface receptors and their intracellular signal transduction pathways☆

Neutrophils play a critical role in the host defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but their inappropriate activation also contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils express a large number of cell surface receptors for the recognition of pathogen invasion and the inflammatory environment. Those include G-protein-coupled chemokine and chemoat...

Neurotrophic Factors and Intracellular Signal Transduction Pathways

A clear limitation of treating diseases of the central nervous system arises from the loss of regenerative potential of the brain at a very early age. Improper development of neural circuits or injury of neurons appears to be permanently fixed in the adult, with seemingly little hope of restorative therapy. This is most clearly true of the spectrum of neurologic diseases, such as neurodegenerat...

Cell death signal transduction and Bcl-2 function.

The mechanism by which Bcl-2 can insulate cells against multiple diverse apoptotic signals is largely undefined. How is it possible that Bcl-2, which possesses no known catalytic function, can protect against multiple cell-death signals? A proposal to address this question postulates that Bcl-2 functions at convergence points common to most cell-death signal-transduction pathways. This review a...

Systems biological analyses of intracellular signal transduction

Guard Cell Signal Transduction.

Guard cells surround stomatal pores in the epidermis of plant leaves and stems. Stomatal pore opening is essential for CO2 influx into leaves for photosynthetic carbon fixation. In exchange, plants lose over 95% of their water via transpiration to the atmosphere. Signal transduction mechanisms in guard cells integrate hormonal stimuli, light signals, water status, CO2, temperature, and other en...